2. Why does China feel so separate from other parts of the world?
Introduction
China, with its rich history and vast territory, has often been seen as a land apart from the rest of the world. This separation can be attributed to a complex interplay of factors, including its unique political system, economic policies, historical events, and geographic isolation. In this blog post, we will embark on a journey to understand why China is so separate from other parts of the world, focusing on the key aspects of economics, politics, and history, with a particular emphasis on the role of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
The Great Wall of Protectionism
For decades, China maintained a closed, protectionist economy, which limited foreign influence and trade. The policy of economic self-sufficiency, often referred to as "socialism with Chinese characteristics," was implemented by the CCP to strengthen China's domestic industries and maintain control over key sectors of the economy.
This isolationist approach, while effective in some respects, also limited China's exposure to global economic trends and innovations. According to World Bank data, in the 1970s, China's share of world merchandise trade was only around 0.8%, but by 2019, it had surged to over 12%. The country missed out on international collaborations and technological advancements, making it seem distant from the global economic mainstream. However, in recent years, China has gradually opened its doors to foreign investment and trade, with foreign direct investment in China reaching over $150 billion in 2020, leading to greater integration with the global economy.
The Great Firewall and CCP's Tight Grip
Under the rule of the Chinese Communist Party, the country has maintained strict control over information, media, and communication channels. The Great Firewall of China, a sophisticated system of internet censorship, blocks access to numerous foreign websites and platforms, effectively creating a digital barrier between China and the rest of the world.
The CCP's authoritarian regime leaves little room for political dissent or opposition, leading to a perception of isolation in terms of political discourse. International organizations and governments have often criticized China's human rights record, further exacerbating its isolation in the global political arena. Amnesty International reported in 2021 that China continues to suppress freedom of expression and target human rights activists. The CCP's approach to governance emphasizes maintaining social stability and preserving its monopoly on power, which can clash with democratic values and international norms.
The Century of Humiliation
The 19th and early 20th centuries marked a period of humiliation for China as it faced foreign imperialism, territorial losses, and internal strife. These traumatic events, collectively referred to as the "Century of Humiliation," left a deep impact on the Chinese psyche. In response to these historical traumas, China adopted a policy of self-reliance and sovereignty preservation. This historical backdrop helps explain China's emphasis on territorial integrity and its reluctance to allow foreign interference in its domestic affairs. The memory of past humiliations continues to shape China's foreign policy decisions and its determination to maintain control over territories like Tibet and Taiwan.
The Role of the Chinese Communist Party
Central to the separation of China from the world is the role of the CCP. Since its founding in 1921, the CCP has played a dominant role in shaping China's political, economic, and social landscape. Under the leadership of figures like Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping, the party implemented sweeping reforms and policies that defined China's trajectory. The CCP's single-party rule and its tight control over all aspects of Chinese society have contributed to China's perceived isolation. While the CCP has overseen remarkable economic growth and modernization, it has also been criticized for its human rights abuses, censorship, and authoritarianism. These factors have created a stark contrast between China's internal realities and the expectations of the international community.
Final thoughts
China's separation from other parts of the world is a multifaceted phenomenon rooted in its economic policies, political system, historical experiences, and the role of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). While China has become increasingly integrated into the global economy in recent years, it continues to maintain distinct characteristics that set it apart from the rest of the world. Understanding China's unique position requires a nuanced examination of its complex history, politics, and economics, as well as its evolving role on the global stage.